A doping test is mainly carried out on athletes to detect illicit doping.
To do this, the person to be checked must give a sample of his urine under supervision.
This means that the control staff observes the urine release in order to prevent manipulation.
Athletes under the age of 16 are allowed to give the urine sample without visual inspection.
The delivered urine sample, at least 90 milliliters, is divided approximately in a ratio of 2 to 1 on an A and a B bottle. If the urine volume is insufficient, the doping controller informs the tester that another sample must be taken.
The samples are then taken to an accredited laboratory. The laboratory determines the test results of the A-sample and stores the B-sample for a possible necessary subsequent check.
Chromatographic and enzyme immunological methods are mainly used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of the substances.
The doping tests in the countries are carried out by national agencies, which operate independently and are controlled by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).
Since 2004, WADA has published an annual doping list containing all relevant substances.
According to this are:
I. Prohibited substances and methods during and outside the competition
S0) Medicinally unauthorised active substances (general ban on all substances still in development and clinical trials)
S1) Anabolic active ingredients
S2) Peptide hormones, growth factors, related substances and mimetics
S3) ß2 agonists
S4) Hormones and Metabolic Modulators
S5) Diuretics and masking substances
M1) Manipulation of blood and blood components
M2) Chemical and physical manipulations
M3) Gene and cell doping
II. Prohibited substances and methods during competition
In addition to the categories prohibited under S1-S5 and M1-M3, the following active substances are prohibited for competition:
S6) Stimulants
S7) Narcotics
S8) Cannabinoids
S9) Glucocorticoids
III. Prohibited substances in special sports
P1) Beta-Blocker
Urine rapid tests are not yet present in the field of doping, as the complexity of the analysis parameters can hardly be illustrated by simple tests.
